Unit 12: Solutions
Goals:
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Course Goals and Essential Questions
- How can we learn about things that are to small to see?
- What relationships can I construct among basic concepts, skills, and understandings?
- How can I best assess my own learning and progress?
- How can I better use technology in my learning?
- How can I become a better digital citizen?
- How can I think more divergently, create, innovate?
- How can I use my experience in chemistry to learn to think and communicate clearly, logically, and critically in preparation for college and a career?
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Prior Knowledge and Skills
- Describe a solution in terms of solute and solvent
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Learning Targets Ch. 12.1 Types of Solutions |
Students will know and be able to do.......
- Use the terms saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated to describe solutions.
- Distinguish between crystallization and precipitation.
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Learning Targets Ch. 12.2 Molecular View of the Solution Process |
Students will know and be able to....
- Predict the relative solubilities given the next dipole moment of solute and solvent.
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Learning Targets Ch. 12.3 Concentration Units |
Students will know and be able to....
- Define, determine and inter-convert between each of the following:
- molarity
- percent by mass
- mole fraction
- molality
- Suggest a shortcoming of molarity and explain why molality is a preferred concentration unit under certain conditions.
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Learning Targets Ch. 12.4 The Effect of Temperature on Solubility |
Students will know and be able to....
- Use the concept of fractional crystallization to show how dissolved solids can be separated.
- Describe how thermal pollution may affect the oxygen content in lakes or streams.
- State Henry’s law and use it to determine the solubility of gases in liquids.
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Learning Targets Ch. 12.5 The Effect of Pressure on the Solubility of Gases |
Students will know and be able to....
- State Henry’s law and use it to determine the solubility of gases in liquids.
- Rationalize why two common materials (NH3 or CO2) when dissolved in water do not follow Henry’s law.
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Learning Targets Ch.12.6 Colligative Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions |
Students will know and be able to....
- Define colligative properties and give four examples (vapor-pressure lowering, freezing-point depression, boiling-point elevation, and osmotic pressure).
- Use Raoult’s law to find vapor pressures or concentrations of solutions.
- Describe the apparatus used in fractional distillation.
- Predict the plot of pressure versus mole fraction for an ideal solution.
- Rationalize the possibility of either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law by non-ideal solutions.
- Perform calculations involving boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, Kf, Kb and molality.
- Use the concepts of osmotic pressure to describe the processes of osmosis and reverse osmosis.
- Describe the following terms:
- semi-permeable membrane
- isotonic
- hypertonic
- hypotonic
- crenation
- Use the concepts of colligative properties to determine molar mass.
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Learning Targets Ch. 12.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions |
Students will know and be able to....
- Define the van’t Hoff factor and demonstrate how it is incorporated into the colligative property equations.
- Give examples of common types of colloids and describe the dispersing medium and dispersed phase for each.
- Describe the Tyndall effect.
- Identify hydrophilic and hydrophobic colloids and describe the cleansing action of soap.
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Daily Learning Activities
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Links and Resources
Textbook, Chapter 16 - all sections. Only basic concepts from Ch 6.3 |